Space & Astronomy/Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso/mac/TEXT/SPACEDIG/V16_4/V16NO455.TXT

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Date: Tue, 13 Apr 93 05:28:20
From: Space Digest maintainer <[e-mail]>
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Subject: Space Digest V16 #455
To: Space Digest Readers
Precedence: bulk


Space Digest                Tue, 13 Apr 93       Volume 16 : Issue 455

Today's Topics:
                          Astronomy Program
                   Civilian use of Russian missiles
        Lunar Settlement, first in symposia series in Houston
            Why is SDIO doing "Clementine"? (part #3 of 6)
            Why is SDIO doing "Clementine"? (part #4 of 6)
            Why is SDIO doing "Clementine"? (part #5 of 6)

    Welcome to the Space Digest!!  Please send your messages to
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Date: 13 Apr 1993 05:46:27 GMT
From: The Logistician <[e-mail]>
Subject: Astronomy Program
Newsgroups: sci.space

Please post as well because I would be interested.

Thanx.




--
------------------------THE LOGISTICIAN REIGNS SUPREME!!!----------------------
|                                          |
|   GO BLUE!!!   GO TIGERS!!!   GO PISTONS!!!   GO LIONS!!!   GO RED WINGS!!! |
[e-mail]-------------------------------

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 13 Apr 1993 06:31:57 GMT
From: [e-mail]
Subject: Civilian use of Russian missiles
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Henry Spencer) writes:
> In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Mark Prado) writes:
>>The idea is that instead of destroying many of these missiles, as
>>we are currently planning to do, we could instead launch things
>>into orbit...
>
> The main reason those treaties tend to exclude space launches as an
> acceptable way of "destroying" the missiles is the desire to see those
> missiles *gone* within a specific and fairly short period of time.  It
> is very difficult to establish that a missile sitting in a warehouse
> waiting for a satellite to launch is *not* capable of being re-armed
> and stuffed back down a silo on a few hours' notice.
>
>>...perhaps in some great cooperative venture which would
>>make some money (stimulate both economies and cooperation).
>
> Bear in mind that this will have to be carefully designed if it is not
> to harm some sectors of both economies (the ones that are trying to
> sell commercial space launches).  It will have to be something that
> was *not* already scheduled for launch.
> --
> All work is one man's work.             | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology
>                     - Kipling           |  [e-mail]  utzoo!henry


I think the main stumble blocks to using russian missles as launch vehicles are
like said, the stigmatism of them being russian ICBM and to put the past
behind, also the fact they can be easily used as ICBMs again.. Also liek the
old thing about converting Tanks (MBTs) to Tractors that it just does not work.
Easier just scrap them and recycle them into what is need and that is cheaper..
Also the problems of economic growth.. Maybe convert the factory that made the
missles in to a  launch vehicle plant or maybe a conversion plant (that is if the
missle are not to mission specific), use the making of new launch vehicles as a
way to get people working.. Of course selling the ex-ICBMs to a foreign
governemtn (friendly one at that) might work to make capital (money)..

Of course sellign the ex-ICBM's to the US as launch vehicles might work to,
very ironic in a way..
==
Michael Adams, [e-mail] -- I'm not high, just jacked

------------------------------

Date: 13 Apr 1993 01:27 CDT
From: University Space Society <[e-mail]>
Subject: Lunar Settlement, first in symposia series in Houston
Newsgroups: sci.space

The following is a press release from Houston Space Society, P.O.Box 266151,
Houston, TX 77207-6151.  The University Space Society (a section of HSS and
the University of Houston chapter of SEDS) is a co-sponsor of this series.
I will post the list of the entire series later.

                   Alvin Carley, President
                   University Space Society

       (This is MY account, Wingo just uses it sometimes.)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 7, 1993
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Media contact:  Richard Braastad, [phone]

Scientist, engineer to discuss Moon Settlement at space society symposium

Space solutions to many of Earth's environmental and economic problems
will be among the topics discussed at the first of the Houston Space
Society's 1993 Space Settlement Symposia.  Entitled "Settling the Moon",
the first symposium will feature speeches by Dr. Wendell Mendell of NASA's
Johnson Space Center, and Aerospace engineer Nelson Thompson, followed by
a question and answer period.  The two space industry professionals will
discuss both the reasons for, and means of establishing permanent
settlements on the Moon.  The presentation will be held at 7:30 p.m.,
Friday, April 16 in the Transco Tower's Third Floor Auditorium.  Admission
is free and open to the public.

Thompson, a senior engineer at McDonnell Douglas Corporation in Houston,
has helped develop an economic model for a self-sustaining lunar/Earth
economic system.  In contrast to conventional government space projects
(such as Apollo) where taxpayers foot the bill, Thompson's proposed
economic system would entail profitable lunar-based industries that would
provide economically competitive goods and services to Earth.  Profits
from the lunar settlements would be used to purchase supplies from Earth.
Thompson, a holder of degrees in physics and computer science, has worked
in the space industry since 1980.  He has worked as a software designer
for space shuttle simulators at the Johnson Space Center, and has
developed computer programs for Space Station Freedom.

Dr. Wendell Mendell, a scientist at the Johnson Space Center, is an expert
on lunar base activities.  He chaired a recent conference concerning lunar
bases in the 21st century, has written research papers on the subject, has
served as Chief Scientist for Lunar Base Studies at the Solar System
Exploration Division of NASA, and has served as an instructor at the
International Space University.

The Houston Space Society's Space Settlement Symposia, co-sponsored by the
University Space Society at the University of Houston Central Campus, will
be held on a monthly basis through October at the Transco Tower.  Future
symposia topics include:  International Space Activities; Settling Mars;
and Media, Politics, the Law, and Space.  For more information call the
Houston Space Society at [phone].

                                  -30-

[Note: The Transco Tower is located just west of Houston's West Loop
(Interstate 610), near the Westheimer exit.  Transco is one of the tallest
buildings in the U.S. that is located outside of a city's center, and is
easily distinguished by its bright rotating beacon, visible from all over
the Houston metropolitian area.  Anyone that knows Houston knows where
this is.]

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 13 Apr 1993 00:30:02 -0500
From: Mark Prado <[e-mail]>
Subject: Why is SDIO doing "Clementine"? (part #3 of 6)
Newsgroups: sci.space

NTM -- Compositions and Processing Requirements

There are three space resources of interest in the present
discussion - Near-Earth Asteroids, the Moon, and the asteroidal
moonlets of Mars (Phobos and Deimos).  Of these, the Moon is the
closest and the most well understood, the Near-Earth Asteroids
are the most energetically accessible and the most easily
processible, while the moons of Mars combine some of the good and
bad features of both of the other resources.

Unlike the Earth's crust or the Moon, many asteroids are rich in
free nickel-iron metal granules, unlike a planetary crust.
Unlike the lunar surface, some asteroids are rich in volatile
elements such as hydrogen and carbon.

The average composition of the most common category of meteorite,
"chondrites", is given in Figure 4, and compared to Earth's
crust.  The free metal content varies from about 12% in LL types
to over 25% in E types.  Note that Earth's free metal is not in
its crust but sank to the core and mantle.  Many non-chondrite
meteorites are 100% nickel-iron-cobalt free metal.  Additional
metal is bound as metal oxide silicates, labelled as "silicates"
in Figure 4.

The free nickel-iron metal can easily be separated magnetically
from the mined asteroidal material, probably after some sort of
centrifugal grinding.  The volatiles may best be extracted using
a simple solar or nuclear heat source.  The gaseous extract could
be cooled and frozen into blocks of ice in a cold space shadow,
for easy and inexpensive transport in space.

Asteroids are known to be composed of several classes.  One of
the most common classes is a type of chondrite called
carbonaceous chrondrites.  Carbonaceous chondrites are fine
grained friable objects similar in consistency to dried mud.
They typically contain 10-20% free metal, 5-10% organic matter,
2-5% water of hydration in minerals, and the rest  metal oxide
silicate and silica minerals.  Material of this composition could
easily be processed to yield metal plate, oxygen and hydrogen
propellants, hydrocarbons, ceramics, glasses, fiberglass, and
certain hydrocarbon-derived products.

Appropriate processing techniques must be examined.  Some
literature discusses processes similar to those currently used in
industry which can be used to determine space-based manufacturing
plant mass and cost. There is also a large body of literature
which proposes space-based processing techniques of incredible
efficiency and trivial cost which have no terrestrial precedent.


One proven chemical processing scheme for producing nickel and
iron alloys from asteroidal free metal is that used at the
Sudbury Astrobleme in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.  60% of the Free
World's post-World War II nickel has come from the Sudbury
Astrobleme, as well as the greatest portion of Platinum group
metals besides South Africa and the Soviet Union.  The Sudbury
Astrobleme is a prehistoric asteroid impact site.  The chemical
processing scheme to separate Platinum group metals, cobalt,
nickel and iron is very simple and inexpensive, and readily
adaptable to space.  Indeed, the two reactants, carbon monoxide
and sulfur, are ubiquitous in asteroids, and the heat required
could come from a solar or a nuclear power plant.

The actual resources available to us will determine the costs and
properties of our basic products.  The asteroids have
significantly more desirable minerals available than the Moon,
but many argue that this may be compensated for by more rapid and
frequent accessibility of the Moon coupled with our greater
current knowledge of some sites on the Moon.

The composition of the Moon is given in Table 2.  Note that it is
a typical oxygen-enriched planetary crust without free metal.
(Actually, traces of free metal exist in lunar material, which is
left over from asteroid impacts whereby the free metal did not
rust in the lunar environment.)

Data and theory to date strongly indicate that in addition to
offering free metal and volatiles, asteroids offer a wider range
of silicate and sulfide minerals than the lunar crust.

The composition of asteroids is deduced from four sources of
data, ordered from most sophisticated to least sophisticated:

    1. meteorite compositions (thousands upon thousands)
    2. telescopic spectroscopy (optical)
    3. radar reflectivity (metal content)
    4. albedo (brightness)

Meteorites and asteroids display a great diversity in
composition.  Origins include:

1. parent bodies which were gravitationally differentiated into
   core, mantle, and crust but which later catastrophically
   fractionated upon impact instead of accreting further;

2. undifferentiated primordial solar system material; and

3. comets captured by the inner solar system.

Estimates are that about 200,000 "Near-Earth" asteroids of size
greater than 100 meters (2 million metric tons) exist but are
uncatalogued.  As the size gets smaller, the numbers get larger.
(The millions of Main Belt and other asteroids are deemed
economically unattractive.)

The orbital elements of about 100 "near-Earth" asteroids have
been determined and catalogued.  Most of these are large
asteroids, measured as several to tens of kilometers wide
(trillions of tons per asteroid).  Asteroids are detectable by
photographic plates using large telescopes and time exposure
films.  For example, a 7 degree by 7 degree view of the sky along
the plane of the ecliptic will turn up at least several hundred
asteroid streaks, upon close microscopic inspection of the films,
some of which may be near-Earth asteroids.  The orbital elements
of the asteroids can be determined by timely follow-up viewings
of the right part of the sky and subsequent microscopic
examination and track correlation.

There is currently no major source of support for detecting
asteroids, determining their orbital parameters by multiple
follow-up viewings, and cataloguing them.

Near-Earth asteroids are grouped into three categories:  "Apollo"
asteroids cross Earth's orbit, "Amor" asteroids stay farther from
the Sun than Earth but are close to Earth's orbit during at least


Figure 4:  Fundamental Comparison of Asteroidal and Planetary
           Crust Material Available for Utilization

Table 2:  Composition of Lunar Material


part of their orbit, and "Aten" asteroids have orbits that keep
them closer to the Sun than Earth at all times.

Near Earth asteroids have orbital periods similar to Earth's, but
not exactly the same.  Due to this fact, they are close to Earth
for only short periods of time.  An asteroid whose orbital period
is 385 days, versus Earth's 365, would pass by Earth only once
every 18 years (approaching by 20 days of arc per year).  An
analogy is race cars going around a track at different speeds,
whereby one passes the other on every 18th lap.

The low delta-v's given in Table 1 for asteroids near Earth are
valid only at certain times, called "launch windows".  For
example, a given asteroid payload may need a delta-v of less than
0.3 km/sec for only a couple of months every 10 years.

A number of different scenarios have been put forth in the
literature for bringing asteroidal materials to Earth orbit.
However, no one scenario has been agreed upon, and no
standardized analysis technique to compare candidate mission
profiles has been developed to date.  Dr. Cutler is attempting to
develop such a computer model at present.

Some of the fundamental parameters of a computer model which are
not mentioned above but are necessary to perform tradeoff
analyses, include:

o  Is it feasible to have an entirely teleoperated/automated
spacecraft return asteroidal materials to Earth orbit for
processing?  How much simple on-site processing could be
performed?

o  How much equipment would be needed for adequate in-situ
propellant production?

o  Is there a need for "man in space" for this project?  If a
teleoperated/automated spacecraft cannot do the job, then how
many humans must we send?  How much can costs be held down by
sending humans separate from and later than the equipment?  If
people are needed, how long would they need to be far away from
the Earth-Moon system?

 * Origin: a politically correct native Arkansan :-)
(1:109/349.2)

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 13 Apr 1993 00:30:03 -0500
From: Mark Prado <[e-mail]>
Subject: Why is SDIO doing "Clementine"? (part #4 of 6)
Newsgroups: sci.space

              4. Technical Objectives and Work Plan

I)  Identify potential products valuable to a Ballistic Missile
Defense (BMD) which could feasibly be produced from Near-Earth
Asteroidal or lunar material.  This is expected to take 80 hours
of Mr. Prado's time.  (2 weeks, 2 man-weeks)

II)  Identify specific materials available from designated space
resources (volatiles, free metal, minerals for processing into
ceramics, glasses, and metals) which would be valuable in
constructing and operating a BMD.  This is expected to take 120
hours of Mr. Prado's time, 24 hours of Dr. Cutler's time, and 24
hours of Dr. Lewis' time.  (3 weeks, 4.2 man-weeks)

III)  Identify processing and manufacturing techniques which have
terrestrial precedent and are suitable for use in the space
environment, and feasible processing and manufacturing techniques
which have little or no terrestrial precedent, to make the
desired products out of the available resources. This is expected
to take 160 hours of Mr. Prado's time, 80 hours of Dr. Cutler's
time, and 8 hours of Dr. Lewis' time. (4 weeks, 6.2 man-weeks)

IV)  Determine the space based systems (vehicles, platforms,
power plants, processing and manufacturing equipment, etc.) and
their masses required to retrieve the designated materials and
produce the designated BMD products.  This is expected to take
120 hours of Mr. Prado's time and 40 hours of Dr. Cutler's time.
(3 weeks, 4 man-weeks)

V)  Produce a strawman scenario, from buildup of materials
retrieval rate to production of SDI components.  Estimate costs
and perform tradeoff analyses to produce an optimal scenario.
This is expected to take 120 hours of Mr. Prado's time, 8 hours
of Dr. Cutler's time, and 8 hours of Mr. Simon's time.  (3 weeks,
3.4 man-weeks)

VI)  Identify non-DoD products and processes which may have
commercial potential as either spinoffs of, or a joint effort
with, a BMD program utilizing asteroidal and /or lunar materials.
This is expected to take 40 hours of Mr. Prado's time.  (1 week,
1 man-week)

VII)  Determine the need for further research and identify
specific items which are critical technologies in making space

resources available for SDI use. This is expected to take 64
hours of Mr. Prado's time, 16 hours of Dr. Cutler's time and 8
hours of Dr. Lewis' time.  (1 week, 1.4 man-weeks)

VIII)  Generate a detailed report and executive summary spelling
out the prospective utility of space resources in enhancing or
enabling space based strategic defenses as well as laying out an
R&D program which could make space resources available for SDI
use and point out appropriate make or break milestones for such a
program.   This is expected to take 80 hours of Mr. Prado's time.
(2 week, 2 man-weeks)

Total time:  19.6 weeks (4.5 months)
Total labor: 25 man-weeks (0.48 man-years), 78.4% by the
                Principal Investigator and 21.6% by Consultants


      4. Key Personnel, Facility Resources, and Consultants

The Principal Investigator of this study, the President of the
company, and three carefully chosen consultants who have affirmed
their interest and availability for consulting on this project
are briefly described below, followed by resumes.

Mr. Mark Evan Prado, the Principal Investigator, is a physicist
with experience as an SDI systems analyst with ANSER Corporation
in Crystal City in direct support of SDIO/T/KE and SDIO/T/SLKT
from 1985 to 1987.  Mr. Prado has worked in the field of lunar
and Near-Earth Asteroidal materials utilization as a consultant
and as an independent researcher over the last three years.
Beginning recently, under sponsorship by Western Space
Enterprises, Mr. Prado has at his disposal Western Space
Enterprises' comprehensive library and database services on lunar
and Near-Earth Asteroidal materials utilization, which is reputed
to be the best in the U.S. on the topic.  Mr. Prado is also
writing a book outlining the opportunity of NTM utilization and
work to date.  In this proposal, Mr. Prado would define BMD
products which could be made from asteroidal and lunar materials,
define the space systems for retrieving asteroidal and lunar
material needed for a BMD (e.g., vehicles, space platforms,
etc.), assess candidate materials processing systems (with the
help of Dr. Cutler and Dr. Lewis), perform cost analyses (with
critiques from Mr. Simon and Dr. Cutler), and generate the Final
Report (including recommendations for Phase II SBIR research).

Ms. Mani Shankaran-Prado is Founder, President, and Financial
Officer of Western Space Enterprises, Ltd.  Ms. Shankaran-Prado,
who holds an M.S. in Business Administration and operates Western
Space Enterprises, Ltd., has sponsored work in the field of
nonterrestrial materials utilization.  Ms. Shankaran-Prado would
handle the financial and administrative matters of this proposal.

Dr. Andrew Hall Cutler, the proposed main consultant on chemical
processing issues (16.8% of contract time), is a chemist and
works principally as a consultant in an aerospace materials
science and engineering capacity for space-based (non-launch
vehicle) systems.  Dr. Cutler has written numerous papers on
chemical processing of lunar and asteroidal materials, has been a
leading participant in recent workshops on the issue, has
performed general economic analyses on lunar and asteroidal
materials retrieval, and is generally regarded as one of the
foremost experts and most credible analysts in the field.  The
Principal Investigator would consult with Dr. Cutler on assessing
candidate materials processing schemes and estimating the mass of
chemical processing plants and their throughputs.  Dr. Cutler
would also retrieve unpublished economic analysis data for
possible inclusion in the Principal Investigator's cost analysis.

Dr. John S. Lewis, a Geochemist and proposed consultant for this
contract (4% of contract time), is a Professor of Planetary
Sciences at the University of Arizona, "the asteroid capital of
the world", and previously was Professor of Geochemistry and
Chemistry at MIT.  Dr. Lewis has recently published articles on
using near-Earth asteroidal material for defense and commercial
uses, including technical work on chemical processing using
proven techniques currently in use at mines.  Dr. Lewis has also
been successful in raising support for a telescope with a state-
of-the-art sensor and computer to search for asteroids
autonomously.  The Principal Investigator intends to consult with
Dr. Lewis for quickly obtaining appropriate data on asteroid
minerology from the vast asteroid library at Tucson, and to help
determine physical processing needs for asteroid materials.

Mr. Michael Simon, a proposed minor consultant (0.8% of contract
time), is experienced as an economist in the space development
arena, primarily as an economist with the General
Dynamics/Convair Space Systems Division.  Mr. Simon recently
completed a small economic analysis of lunar oxygen supply to
Earth orbit for fuel propellant, under a $12,000 contract to the
NASA Johnson Space Center.  The Principal Investigator intends to
retrieve some of the unpublished work of Mr. Simon on economic
issues of NTM retrieval, and Mr. Simon will critique the economic
analysis of the Principal Investigator before the Final Report.


                        Mark Evan Prado

11425 South Lakes Dr.                    [phone]
Reston, VA 22091

Mr. Prado worked with ANSER, a "direct support" contractor to
SDIO/T/KE and SDIO/T/SLKT officers, from 1985 to 1987.  Major
responsibilities are listed below.  In addition, Mr. Prado has
investigated the possible use of nonterrestrial materials for
defense and commercial uses.  Recently, he has created computer
databases on all the work to date on nonterrestrial materials
utilization and the most qualified researchers in the field, and
has helped in assembling the largest library on the topic (which
is located in the Washington, D.C. area) for Western Space
Enterprises, Ltd.  He is currently writing a book on the
opportunity of space development using Near-Earth Asteroids and
lunar material for economic benefits and Free World security.

Previous DoD clearance: Top Secret (1986-87)

Selected work experience:

   o  Wrote part of a Congressionally mandated study on a
nearterm ballistic missile defense.  I wrote most of the chapter
assessing the impacts on deterrence and crisis stability.
   o  Compared DSAT (i.e., satellite defense) vs. BMD (i.e., ICBM
defense) interceptor systems and capability requirements,  both
qualitatively and quantitatively, for testing of interceptors
within the ABM Treaty. Established the statistical distribution
of relative velocities between the interceptor and boost-phase
ICBM, in order to determine ABM Treaty compliance of DSAT testing
on the basis of "capability".  The latter part of the analysis
was applied to the case for Treaty Compliance of the Delta 180
intercept in orbit in 1986.  Basically, it established that it's
much easier to intercept something coming towards you than to
intercept something far away headed for a third party.
   o  Summarized more than 50 Space Test Program (STP) hardware
candidates which could be ready for flight before 1990, and
determined their experimental utility for SDI concepts
   o  Investigated telemetry and range requirements for space
experiments
   o  Provided assistance to the Delta 180 and Delta 181
experiment programs (which ANSER played a major role in managing)
   o  Provided top level analysis of ERIS and HEDI programs
   o  Catalogued 64 SDI computer models and simulations which
incorporate kinetic energy weapons, and operated some of them.
   o  Discrimination (between RVs and decoys) - studied,
assessed, and compared candidate systems, with emphasis on
interactive discrimination
   o  Developed a concept for using particle clouds for
interactive discrimination, including computation of a nominal
orbit based constellation, rough design of an interceptor system,
and overall constellation weight
   o  Provided in-depth analysis of candidate space-based
electric power systems
   o  Provided in-depth analysis of electromagnetic launchers

PERTINENT EXPERIENCE (in chronological order):

8-87     Western Space Enterprises, Ltd.
 to      Space Systems Physicist
date

12-85    Analytical Services (ANSER), Strategic Defense
  to        Kinetic Energy Division and Strategic Defense
 8-87       Technology Division  (Arlington, VA)
         Space Systems Physicist
         ANSER is a 100% government contractor, providing high
           level direct support of officials and programs for
           SDIO (the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization)
           and the Air Force.   I performed both quick analysis
           and detailed research, provided top-down comparative
           assessments of private contractor work, prepared
           short reports and vu-graph briefing materials, and
           assisted in implementation of major projects.

3-85      U.S. Patent Office  (Arlington, VA)
 to       Patent Examiner
12-85     Studied applications for patent, searched for prior
            art, judged the merits of claims, drafted prima
            facie legal actions, and corresponded with
            applicants and their lawyers

1985      Space Studies Institute (SSI)  (Princeton, NJ)
          Consultant
          Analyzed pulse power supply systems for a lunar based
            electromagnetic launcher (launching lunar minerals)

1-84      University of Arkansas
 to       Independent Researcher
4-84      Analyzed meteorites (and implicitly asteroidal
            material) using an electron microscope; used
            various spectroscopic and imaging techniques

EDUCATION (FORMAL):  B.Sc., Physics, University of Arkansas, 1983
                             (top of graduating physics class)
                     Minors : Political Science, Mathematics
                     Other  : Mechanical Engineering, to
                                 senior level
ACTIVITIES:
      Lunar Development Council, Communications Director, 1987
      President of the University of Arkansas Political Science
          Honors Society, a chapter of pi sigma alpha, 1984-85
      Member of collegiate honorary societies for physics
          (sigma pi sigma) and engineering (tau beta pi)

PERTINENT PUBLICATIONS:

    "Electromagnetic Launcher Pulsed Power Input: Homopolar
         Generators or Compulsators vs. The Capacitor Banks",
         Space Manufacturing 1985 (Proceedings of the 1985
         Princeton/AIAA/SSI Conference on Space Development),
         published in December 1985 by the American Institute
         of Aeronautics and Astronautics
    "Remote, Lunar Based Mass Driver Power Conditioning", in
         the Proceedings of the 1986 Mag-Lev Lunar Base
         Symposium, to be published in late 1987

 * Origin: another Friend Of Bill (1:109/349.2)

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 13 Apr 1993 00:31:04 -0500
From: Mark Prado <[e-mail]>
Subject: Why is SDIO doing "Clementine"? (part #5 of 6)
Newsgroups: sci.space

    P.E.R.M.A.N.E.N.T. -- Program to Employ Resources of the Moon
         and Asteroids Near Earth in the Near Term, a book
         manuscript in preparation.


                     Andrew Hall Cutler

3030 Suncrest #214                         Home: [phone]
San Diego, California 92116                Work: [phone]

Employment

Principal Scientist, Energy Science Laboratories, 6/86 to present
     Duties: Experimentally assess thermal cycling fatigue and
creep in beryllium alloys for high temperature space solar power
applications.  Explore the use of graphite and surface treated
graphite as a high temperature materials for dynamic space power
generation.  Study various aspects of advanced hydrocarbon
fuelled rockets.  Assist in developing materials for advanced
launch vehicles.  Develop advanced fuels for supersonic and
hypersonic propulsion.  Aid in research on variable emittance
semiconductor coatings for space applications.  Study advanced
tether applications for space station.  Help define experiments
to study aspects of ultrafine particle production in microgravity
under terrestrial conditions.  Pursue patentable aspects of
semiconductor processing in space and metal alloy actuator
fabrication.  Select testing and purification techniques and
ranking criteria for low temperature phase change materials for
use in composite heat sinks for space applications.  Theoreti-
cally and experimentally examine selection of electric thruster
propellants for efficient ionization.  Obtain funding from
various sources to pursue research of interest to the company.

Postgraduate Research Chemist, California Space Institute (Univ.
of California at San Diego), 6/83 to 5/86.
     Duties: Invent processes to make useful products from lunar
materials.  Define research programs to study electrolysis of
molten lunar minerals and metal oxide solubility in molten alkali
hydroxides.  Design and install a high temperature experimental
facility.  Study the economic and technical feasibility of using
lunar and asteroidal resources in low Earth orbit.  Participate
in the NASA/ASEE summer study Technological Springboard to the
21st Century.  Examine the technical feasibility of propulsion
systems based on conducting tether interactions with the Earth's
magnetosphere, tether mediated momentum transfer, combustion of
external tank derived aluminum, and thermolysis of ammonia.
Write technical papers and proposals in these areas.

Consultant to Energy Science Laboratories, Earth Space
Operations, the California Space Institute, the Space Studies
Institute and the Large Scale Projects Institute, 5/84 to present
     Duties: Provide expert technical advice on design and
operation of an expendable tether flight test article.
Investigate methods of heat introduction for ultrafine particle
production in microgravity.  Explore market prospects for
ultrafine particles produced in space.  Investigate fabrication
and stability of composite phase change material heat sinks
intended for space use.  Determine the impact of various oxygen
and hydrogen production technologies for predicting the costs and
benefits of prospective lunar base programs.  Develop a computer
based modeling system on space resource utilization economics.

Research Associate, Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2/82 to 6/83
     Duties: Construct renewable resources laboratory.  Perform
research on gas phase pyrolysis of model compounds related to
levoglucosan, and relate the results to engineering processes for
biomass conversion.  Determine regimes in which biomass could be
pyrolyzed to give economically attractive products.

Research Assistant, Princeton Chemistry Department, 3/81 to 1/82
     Duties: Study Laminar flow pyrolysis reactors.  Define and
perform experiments to verify that reactor gives accurate and
reproducible results for gas phase pyrolysis kinetics.

Library Assistant, Princeton Chemistry Library, 10/78 to 12/81
     Duties: Assist Patrons in the use and interpretation of
library materials, reference works and abstracts.  Maintain the
card catalog.  Train staff members in the use of reference
materials and maintenance of the catalog.

Teaching Assistant, Princeton Chemistry Department, 9/80 to 1/81
and 9/78 to 6/79.
     Duties: Supervise laboratory and discussion sections.  Hold
office hours.  Grade homework, exams and lab reports.

Research Assistant, Princeton Chemistry Department, 7/79 to 8/80
     Duties: Perform research to relate quantum mechanical
molecular wavefunctions to the concept of atomic charge used in
descriptive chemistry.  Implement the Hirshfeld Charge
definition.  Compare results from it to results from other
definitions of atomic charge and to intuitive expectations.

Mainframe Computer Operator and Programming Consultant, Princeton
University, 6/81 to 9/81

Laboratory Assistant, University of California at Riverside
Physics Department, 4/76 to 6/78
     Duties: Scan and measure data (film) from bubble chamber and
streamer chamber experiments.  Modify scanning equipment to
improve performance.  Perform numerical simulations of experi-
ments to be run at CERN's intersecting storage ring facility to
determine optimum detector placement.  Confirm optimum detector
placement by analyzing preliminary experimental data.

Tutor, Educational Opportunity Program, University of California
at Riverside, 10/75 to 3/76
     Duties: Tutor students at all levels in mathematics, physics
and chemstry by appointment and on a walk in basis.

Machine Operator, Norco Injection Molding, 6/78 to 9/78
     Duties: Operate injection molding machines, recycle scrap
plastic.


Education

Ph.D., Chemistry, Princeton University, January 1985.

In Absentia at the University of Hawaii at Manoa January 1982 to
June 1983.  Hugh Stott Taylor fellow, 1978 - 1979.  Dissertation
title: Hirshfeld Charge Analysis and Model Compound Studies of
Biomass Pyrolysis.

B.S., Physics, University of California at Riverside, June 1978.

Dean's Honor list, 1974 - 1975.  Participated in undergraduate
research on particle physics, semiconductor mediated hydrogen
production and the chemistry of vision.  Earned 75% of my college
expenses and support.


Editorships

Review editor, Princeton Space Manufacturing Conference, 1987 +

Editor in chief, Space Power and Development (formerly Space
Solar Power Review ), 1988 +


Publications of Andrew Hall Cutler

"Review of the Extraterrestrial Materials Processing Literature,"
Andrew H. Cutler,  manuscript in preparation.

"Metallurgical Properties of Lunar and Asteroidal Steels,"
Andrew H. Cutler,  in Space Manufacturing 5, Engineering with
Lunar and Asteroidal Materials,  page 160,  published by American
Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York, 1985.

"Plasma Anode Electrolysis of Molten Lunar Silicates,"  Andrew H.
Cutler,  Tryggve Baak,  Terry S. Chern and James R. Arnold,
minipaper presented at the Cal Space Investigator's Conference,
May 3 - 4 1984, La Jolla, CA.

"Slag-Metal Equilibrium in Lunar Smelting and Arc
Electrowinning,"  Andrew H. Cutler,  paper presented at the
SpaceTech conference, September 23 - 25 1985, Anaheim, CA;
Available from Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI.

"A Carbothermal Scheme for Lunar Oxygen Production,"   Andrew H.
Cutler,  Paper presented at the Lunar Bases and Space Activities
in the 21st Century symposium,  Washington, DC, October 29 - 31,
1984, and published in Lunar Bases and Space Activities in the
21st Century,  W. W. Mendel, ed. Lunar and Planetary Institute,
Houston, TX.

"An Alkali Hydroxide Based Scheme for Lunar Oxygen Production,"
Andrew H. Cutler,  abstract presented at the Lunar Bases and
Space Activities in the 21st Century symposium,  Washington, DC,
October 29 - 31, 1984.

"Transportation Economics of Lunar Oxygen Utilization in LEO,"
Andrew H. Cutler,  abstract presented at the Lunar Bases and
Space Activities in the 21st Century symposium,  Washington, DC,
October 29 - 31, 1984.

"Transportation Economics of Lunar Oxygen Utilization,"  Andrew
H. Cutler,  minipaper presented at the Cal Space Investigator's
Conference, May 3 - 4 1984, La Jolla, CA.

"Transportation Economics of Extraterrestrial Resource
Utilization,"  Andrew H. Cutler and Mari L. Hughes,  in Space
Manufacturing 5, Engineering with Lunar and Asteroidal Materials,
page 233, published by American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics, New York, 1985.

"Use of Lunar Silane Fuel for Economical Space Transportation,"
Andrew H. Cutler and Andrew R. Wolff,  Manuscript in Preparation.

"H2 / O2 / Al Engines and Their Application to OTV's,"  Andrew H.
Cutler,  paper IAF-84-314 presented at the 35th Internatioal
Astronautical Federation Congress in Lausanne, Switzerland,
October 5 - 12, 1984.

"Aluminum Fueled Space Engines for Economical Lunar
Transportation,"   Andrew H. Cutler,  abstract presented at the
Lunar Bases and Space Activities in the 21st Century symposium,
Washington, DC, October 29 - 31, 1984.

"Aluminum Fuelled Space Engines to Enhance Space Transportation
Systems Effectiveness,"  Andrew H. Cutler,  proceedings of the
NASA/ASEE summer study Technological Springboard to the 21st
Century,  held June - August 1984, La Jolla, CA, to appear.

"Use of External Tank Aluminum Fuel for Economical Space
Transportation,"  Andrew H. Cutler and Andrew R. Wolff,
Manuscript in Preparation.

"Potential Role for Tethers in Space Transportation,"  Joseph A.
Carroll and Andrew H. Cutler,  paper 84-1448 presented at the
AIAA/ASME/SAE 20th Joint Propulsion Conference, Cincinatti,  June
11 - 13  1984.

"Industrial Use of Space Resources,"  Andrew H. Cutler,  paper
presented at the joint AAS/JRS meeting, Honolulu, 16 - 19
December 1985, Available in the conference proceedings published
by Univelt, San Diego.

"Accessibility of Near Earth Asteroids for Resource
Exploitation,"  Andrew H. Cutler,  in Space Manufacturing 6,
American Istitute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,  New York,  to
be published in 1987.

"Space Manufacturing,"  Andrew H. Cutler, invited article in the
Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Academic Press,
New York, 1987.

"An Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Laminar Flow Reactors for
the Study of High Temperature Pyrolysis Kinetics,"  Andrew H.
Cutler,  Michael J. Antal and Maitland Jones,  submitted to
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals.

"Hirshfeld Atomic Charges,"  Charles C. Cook,  Andrew H. Cutler
and Leland C. Allen,  Manuscript in Preparation.

"Kinetics and Mechanism of 1,3 Dioxolane Pyrolysis in Steam,"
Andrew H. Cutler,  Michael J. Antal and Maitland Jones,  to
appear in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.

"Cracked Ammonia as a Storable Solar or Nuclear Thermal
Propellant,"  Andrew H. Cutler,  paper presented at the SpaceTech
conference, September 23 - 25 1985, Anaheim, CA;  Available from
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI.

Mediocre Behavior and Finite Resources,  Andrew H. Cutler and
Andrew R. Wolff,  submitted to Science.

 * Origin: Just send it to [e-mail]
(1:109/349.2)

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End of Space Digest Volume 16 : Issue 455
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